Chapter 11 Reading Questions, Part 1

2.) What are the major components of the modern automated factory?

Some of the major components are robots and computers in general

4) What are the advantages and disadvantages of telecommuting from the point of view of the worker? Management? Society?

Some of the advantages include increased job satisfaction for the worker and higher productivity for the management. Disadvantages include distractions and security concerns for the worker and management, respectively.

5) Describe several software tools used by managers, and explain how they help them do their jobs.

There are several software tools that managers can use but it all depends on the time of manager he is (i.e where he works). Most managers, however, will use a spreadsheet because it is an efficient and organized way to keep data of a large amount of employees. Other software managers might use include calculator, Word, etc.

6) What is de-skilling? what is up-skilling? Give examples of each.

De-skilling is making a job easier so less skill is required, and Up-skilling is the exact opposite. An example would be one-click items for cashiers instead of putting the prices manually for de-skilling and engineers might have to solve problems that calculators can for up-skilling.

Chapter 10 Reading Questions Pt. 2

6. Describe several types of programs that can be used for software sabotage

Viruses, worms, trojan horses, and spyware are all programs used for software sabotage.

7. What are two inherent characteristics of computers that make security so difficult?

Computers are programmed to do things and are reprogrammed. Also, if it is not programmed to protect, than the computer will not protect.

9.)Every afternoon at closing time the First Taxpayer's Bank copies all the day's accumulated transaction information from disk to tape. Why?

Just in case anything happens to the information collected in the day, to be one step ahead of viruses, computer crashes, etc.

10. In what ways can computer security protect privacy of individuals? In what ways can computer security threaten the privacy of individuals?

Computer security can be used to protect users from viruses, hackers, etc. as well as making sure information that is meant to be kept anonymous stays in check. These can also backfire on the individual with the use of fake virus protectors, and also the government- who invades our privacy to protect us.

Intellectual Property and Control

- Laptops present information to the student via internet

- All information on the student's laptop is intellectual property

- With personal laptops, students are in control of the information they would like to research, type, etc

- Depending on laptop model and internet speed, students have access with quick speeds

- Teachers can set up websites that instruct students to do their work, which they check from their laptops

~ Hamzah & Oussama

Chapter 10 Reading Questions Pt. 1

1)Key terms

- access control Software: a software that only allows users to access according to the user's needs

- antivirus:a program designed to search for virus, alert the users, and destroy the virus

- authentication mechanism: a security measure that make sure only legitimate users have access to the system by asking potential users to identify themselves

- authorization mechanism: a security measure that guarantees that users have permission to perform a particular task

- autonomous system: a complex system that can assume almost complete responsibility for a task without human input

- back up:the process of saving data- especially for data recovery

- biometric: measurements of individual body characteristics

- computer crime: an crime accomplished though knowledge or use of computer technology

- encryption: a secret numerical code that can be used to scramble network transmission

- firewall: a tool used to keep internal networks secure while enabling communication with the rest of the Internet

- hacking: electronic trespassing and vandalism

- identity theft: the crime of obtaining enough information about a person to assume his or her identity

- passwords: the most common security tool used to restrict access to a computer system

- sabotage: a malicious attack on work, tools, or business

2) Why is it hard to estimate the extent of computer crimes?

Not all computer crimes are reported to the database, so it is impossible to estimate its' extent.

3)Describe the typical computer criminal. How does he or she differ from the media stereotype.

A typical computer criminal is struggling with something, for example, financial needs. He has no criminal record and commits crime due to these struggles. The stereotypical criminal is described as a young, white, and tech-savvy.

4) What is the most common computer crime? Who commits it? What is being done to stop it?

Theft by computer is the most common computer crime. Different people are involved with it such as employees, clerks, etc. People use more secure websites and in some cases even the FBI are involved to stop it from happening.

Chapter 9 Reading Questions Pt. 2

5.Explain the relationship between the client server models and the fact that different users might experience different interfaces while accessing the same information.

One computer is the server and other are the clients. The server has complex interfaces because it serves all the clients.

6. What do email addresses and URLs have in common?
They both use a specific address

9.Why is file compression important on the Internet?
It allows for faster transferring over slow internet.

11. How does push technology differ from standard Web page delivery techniques? How is it used?
Push technology is different from the standard Web page delivery because it delivers specifically to the needs of the client.

10 Different Top-Level Domains

1) .com - Commercial - Used for all types of entities including profit and non-profit organizations

2) .org - Organization - Used mainly for non-profit organizations

3) .edu - Education - Used specifically for educational institutions

4) .biz - Business - Used for all types of entities, and a relief for .com

5) .gov - Government - For U.S governmental entities' use

6) .info - Information - Open for everybody to use

7) .mil - Military - Used specifically for the U.S military

8) .museum - Museum - Must be verified as a museum

9) .net - Network

10) .name - Name

Chapter 9 Reading Questions, 3/21/11

1. Key terms:

Packet-switching: A standard technique used to send information over the internet.A message is broken into packets that travel independently from network to network towards their common destination, where they are united.
open standards: not owned by any company
IP address: a string of 4 numbers separated by periods or dots that serves as an address for computers on the internet.
Static IP address: an address that is permanent
Dynamic IP address: address used for computers that are temporarily connected to the net, such as with dial up connection.
Next Generation Internet: refers to Internet Protocol Version 6. It solves the problem of address shortages and other improvements
multicasting: is a more efficient way for the same information to be transmitted to multiple Internet connected devices
DNS - Domain name system: A system that translates a computers numerical address into an easier to remember string of names separated by dots
domains:class of internet addresses indicated by suffixes such as .com, .org. gov.

2.Why is it hard to determine how big the Internet is?
There are many reasons why it is hard to determine how big the internet is. One, It is growing to fast
two, it is decentralized, and three It doesn't have hard boundaries.

3. Why are TCP/IP protocols so important to the functioning of the internet? What does it do?
It allows cross network communication for almost any type of computer or network by functioning as a language.

4. How does the type of Internet connection influence the things you can do on the Internet?
Internet connection and how you use it is all about speed. If you are frustrated with its slowness, then you will not use it for a very long time, as opposed to someone with fast internet who can do what he wants in no time at all.